Expertise | June 4, 2026

Discrete Element Method Modeling: Advantages in Grain Handling Applications

What is Discrete Element Method?

Discrete element method (DEM) modeling is a numerical method used to simulate the behavior of individual discrete particles over time. It uses established physics models (gravity, force, rolling resistance) to provide flow analysis of bulk granular materials, like whole grains or byproducts. DEM is used to predict material flow, test design concepts before construction, and identify fixes to help increase handling efficiencies and returns on investment.

DEM is a specialized and typically higher-cost service that requires niche software operated by a qualified and knowledgeable team. However, when a facility is experiencing transfer issues in bulk handling installations, the initial costs are often offset through the minimal disruption to operations, speed of implementation, and increased throughput after a solution is identified.

How does DEM work?

To replicate real-world material flow, DEM works by starting with a 3D scan of the desired area within an existing facility where a 3D model is then generated using BIM software. From there, this model is imported into specialized DEM software where simulations are run and results are analyzed.

However, before simulations actually begin, the characteristics of particles and the surfaces the particles interact with must first be assigned. For example, corn will slide a lot differently on a concrete bottom hopper versus a steel equivalent.

Examples of assigning particle characteristics:

Density, size, shape, elastic properties, coefficients of friction

Examples of assigning surface properties that particles interact with:

Hardness, density, coefficients of friction
Common surfaces include rubber belting, lining material, and steel

What are the uses of DEM in grain industries?

DEM is used in the design of process and material handling equipment, such as bucket elevators, mixers and grain sizing equipment.
It is also used in the design of transfer points between material handling equipment, like spouting/chutes, belt loaders and discharges, flow splitters/dividers, and custom flow-aiding devices.
DEM can also help optimize wear liners and directional changes, such as designing feeding belt conveyors or bucket elevators at right angles or skewed angles.
DEM can help solve belt tracking issues on belt conveyors and bucket elevators.
It can also assist in reducing the breakage of certain materials, like whole grains or processed grains.
Directional changes include gentler handling adjustments, reducing dust generation.

What are the facility and operational benefits of DEM?

Strengthen capacity and reliability of existing system
Promote cost-saving measures on new projects or maintenance
Reduce need for costly field fixes during startup and commissioning

Interested in learning more?

VAA Principal and Senior Project Manager Eric Peterson spoke about the topic live at GEAPS Exchange 2026. A recording of his presentation is available on our YouTube channel. Watch here!